Bond order and bond length indicate the type and strength of covalent bonds.
For example, in diatomic nitrogen, NN, the bond order is 3 in acetylene, HCCH, the carbon-carbon bond order is also 3, and the CH bond order is 1. Sprigs of honeysuckle fill in the gap between the end eggs and the volute. The Ionic order ( Greek ) forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders. Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and indicates the stability of a bond. The echinus almost always has the egg and dart or egg and talon ornamentation. Horizontal dimensions for the echinus and astragal can be carried over from the section to construct these elements in elevation. There is a space of 2/3 D between each volute.
Ionic order series#
If the volutes are drawn by hand at a small scale, they can be drawn by creating a series of half circles which get progressively smaller as they move closer to the eye. Drawing the volutes with precision can be accomplished by following the diagram on the succeeding plate. The eye of the volute is centered down 1/3 D from the top of the abacus and across D from the center line of the column its diameter is 1/18 D.
On the left side of the capital, a section through the capital at the centerline shows the horizontal channel of the volutes which is straight in relation to the rounded elements. The volutes below the abacus follow the geometry of the abacus and help visually mediate between the round echinus and astragal below. From that line, the square abacus projects 1/18 D. From the top of the abacus to the bottom of the volutes is slightly more than D.ĭrawing of the capital is facilitated by the use of a dashed line on each side of the column centerline which follows the line of lower D. White column portico fragment, Ionic order Architectural detail of marble ionic order columns Passage with. The Ionic Capital is shown in front elevation which shows the scroll volutes in elevation. 5,080 results for ionic columns in all Columns. When drawn freehand, the flute is about 1/9 D. The Ionic order was one of the most popular orders of Ancient Greece that is estimated to have been developed in the sixth century B.C. Each flute is four times wider than the fillet. The shaft is divided into 24 semicircular hollows or flutes which are separated by fillets. Note that the upper fillet above the smaller torus is part of the shaft and not the base. To draw the scotia, it is best to first construct the smaller torus with its flanking fillets and then place a swooping curve between the offset fillets of the two tori. A large torus sits above the plinth and has a fillet at its centerline.
The plinth is 1/6 D high or 1/3 the height of the base. Both tori are separated by two fillets and a scotia.Īs with the Doric order, the base is D high and has an 8/6 D wide plinth. This base has an extra torus or “attic†above the lower torus. The Ionic column shown in the plate illustrates the Attic Base which is commonly used in the Ionic order.
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